|
A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income (NNI * adjusted for natural resource depletion). All are specially concerned with counting the total amount of goods and services produced within some "boundary". The boundary is usually defined by geography or citizenship, and may also restrict the goods and services that are counted. For instance, some measures count only goods and services that are exchanged for money, excluding bartered goods, while other measures may attempt to include bartered goods by ''imputing'' monetary values to them. 〔Australian Bureau of Statistics, ''Concepts, Sources and Methods'', Chap. 4, "Economic concepts and the national accounts", "Production", "The production boundary". Retrieved November 2015.〕 ==National accounts== (詳細は''Australia's National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods'' ), 2000. Chapter 1; heading: Brief history of economic accounts (retrieved November 2009). 〕 the systematic keeping of national accounts, of which these figures are a part, only began in the 1930s, in the United States and some European countries. The impetus for that major statistical effort was the Great Depression and the rise of Keynesian economics, which prescribed a greater role for the government in managing an economy, and made it necessary for governments to obtain accurate information so that their interventions into the economy could proceed as well-informed as possible. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「measures of national income and output」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|